Why must first responders avoid direct contact with hazardous materials?

First responders must avoid direct contact with hazardous materials primarily because it can result in exposure, leading to health risks and potential injury. Hazardous materials can be toxic, corrosive, flammable, or reactive when they come into contact with skin or are inhaled. Such exposure may result in acute health effects, such as respiratory distress, chemical burns, or systemic toxicity, depending on the nature of the material involved.

The Emergency Response Guidebook emphasizes safety as a primary concern, and avoiding direct contact is a fundamental practice to protect first responders from the unpredictable and potentially deadly effects of hazardous substances. Proper usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and maintaining a safe distance are critical strategies to minimize risk and ensure that responders can perform their duties without endangering their own health.